Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. Altair 8800 Microcomputer | National Museum of American History System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute related to the invention of the computer, which was resolved in 1973 when it was shown that ENIAC co-designer John Mauchly had seen the ABC shortly after it became functional. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. ____ operating systems are typically used for a network platform. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. Bruce Artwick - Wikipedia It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. A British government contract spurred its initial development but a change in government led to loss of funding and the second and only other Mark I was sold at a major loss to the University of Toronto, where it was re-christened FERUT. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . Quiz Chapters EME 4312 Flashcards | Quizlet The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? It has pre-programmed curricular material. Microsoft Windows | History, Versions, & Facts | Britannica Its Williams-Kilburn tube memory system was later adopted by several other early computer systems around the world. The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. MIS 3371 Management information systems - Chegg Microsoft MS-DOS early source code - CHM Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). Constructed at MITs Lincoln Laboratory, the TX-0 moved to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where it hosted some early imaginative tests of programming, including writing a Western movie shown on television, 3-D tic-tac-toe, and a maze in which a mouse found martinis and became increasingly inebriated. workstations. Initially designed for internal use by HP employees, co-founder Bill Hewlett issues a challenge to his engineers in 1971: fit all of the features of their desktop scientific calculator into a package small enough for his shirt pocket. Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. microcomputer Flashcards | Quizlet The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. That's not as trivial. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. microprocessor/ processor. The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging able to withstand the forces of a missile launch. The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. SABRE is a joint project between American Airlines and IBM. What is microcomputer? | Definition from TechTarget Its base price was $6,500. Produce results (output) 4. Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? What was the first computer software and how was it made? Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. Curt Herzstark was an Austrian engineer who worked in his familys manufacturing business until he was arrested by the Nazis in 1943. . Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. See Answer. Until the year 2000, it was the world's fastest supercomputer, able to achieve peak performance of 1.3 teraflops, (about 1.3 trillion calculations per second). It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. mainframe computer. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. Twenty-five ways in which MIT has transformed computing The 2116A is HPs first computer. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. Chuck Peddle leads a small team of former Motorola employees to build a low-cost microprocessor. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. 25. Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. The basic idea for bombes came from Polish code-breaker Marian Rejewski's 1938 "Bomba.". The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. Which of the following is an accepted design criterion for writing and publishing digital documents? The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. Harkening back to the hobbyist era of personal computing in the 1970s, Arduino begins as a project of the Interaction Design Institute, Ivrea, Italy. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. FoxBase/FoxPro | Localazy Hub The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. The First Microcomputer: The Q1 | Hackaday Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. . The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. Columbia was used in space vehicle analysis, including studying the Columbia disaster, but also in astrophysics, weather and ocean modeling. This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. What characteristic is common to most Personalized Learning Systems (PLS)? Its large scope intrigued early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, as well as programs to play music. A. Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. The RISC PC was used widely in UK broadcast television and in music production. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. There are many stand-alone utility programs available as an alternative to the operating system'sutility programs. A special version, known as HARVEST, was developed for the US National Security Agency (NSA). The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. Until recently, good microcomputer software for multimedia presentations was not available, but was much in demand by businesses. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. The machines were used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to run massive solar energy simulations, as well as some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken. Stored-program computer - Wikipedia The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. !" "The only app I use when I need to get down to business." Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time and introduced the concept of virtual memory, that is, using a disk or drum as an extension of main memory. One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. Xerox wasnt interested. After the war, he concentrated on the development of Princetons Institute for Advanced Studies computer. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. Gates and Allen started Microsoftoriginally called Micro-Soft, for microprocessors and. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. high interaction between students and the teacher. Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. The machine came with 256 bytes of memory (expandable to 64 KB) and an open 100-line bus structure that evolved into the S-100 standard widely used in hobbyist and personal computers of this era. The first stored-program computer to be built in continental Europe was the MESM, completed in the Soviet Union in 1950. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. FoxBase is a database management system and programming language developed by Fox Software in the mid-1980s. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. The Canadian Chalk River Nuclear Lab needed a special device to monitor a reactor. Information systems whose purpose is to glean from raw data relationships and trends that might help organizations compete better are called business intelligence (BI) systems. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. The line was discontinued less than two years later. Which software function could help students memorize the correct names of chemical elements? Linux - Wikipedia FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. Based on the Touchstone Delta computer Intel had built at Caltech, the Paragon is a parallel supercomputer that uses 2,048 (later increased to more than four thousand) Intel i860 processors. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. Programmer Arthur Samuels used the 701 to write the first computer program designed to play checkers. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. Quiz 1. The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. Twitter is an example of which web-based collaboration resource? Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. What do sites such as edshelf, Learning List, What Works Clearinghouse, EdSurge Product Index, and Common Sense Education help teachers with? The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage. The Tandem-16 eventually led to the Non-Stop series of systems, which were used for early ATMs and to monitor stock trades. Apple enters the handheld computer market with the Newton. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. Kilburn (left) and Williams in front of 'Baby'. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? Created almost five years after the original Apple II, Franklin's Ace 1000 main logic board is nearly identical to that in the Apple II+ computer, and other models were later cloned as well. That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. OS/2 will continue to be used in special In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world's youngest billionaire. History of computing hardware (1960s-present) - Wikipedia Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. General Georges Doriot and his pioneering venture capital firm, American Research and Development, invested $70,000 for 70% of DECs stock to launch the company in 1957. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. They did. A Brief History of the Microcomputer - TurboFuture The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. User interface The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. spreadsheet program Definition. The handbook is complemented by two companion documents: Microcomputers in Transit: A Software Handbook, and Microcomputers in Microsoft Apps IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. the _____ screen is the first screen displayed. While it did not sell well, the operating system, Be OS, retained a loyal following even after Be stopped producing hardware in 1997 after less than 2,000 machines were produced. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. It was one of the first commercially available relational database management systems for microcomputers. Which Software Was The First Available For Microcomputers? Instead of designing a custom controller, two young engineers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) -- Gordon Bell and Edson de Castro -- do something unusual: they develop a small, general purpose computer and program it to do the job. B. Accept data (input) 2. Dell dropped out of school to focus on his business and in 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. When Was the First Computer Invented? - Computer Hope's Free Computer Help If a student is creating within Minecraft or Sims, what type of computer programming products are they designing and making? Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." The 470V/6 was the companys first product and ran the same software as IBM System/370 computers but cost less and was smaller and faster. Survey of Operating Systems Chapter #1 Flashcards | Quizlet The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. The Mark 1 was a refinement of the experimental Manchester Baby and Manchester Mark 1 computers, also at Manchester University. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider.
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