https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4. I did that by using 1 cup of cream, 4tbsp of hydroquinone and 4tbsp of water or solvent. It is a reducmg agent that is reversibly oxidized to semiquinone and quinone. 2 Liquid phase only; silicon dioxide remains as a residue in these solvents. Thermodyn. ;O,1Y+%8#oKT^VWtew4>@V.SR :hmBZ>#ey!UC5! / /n We have found that a cream containing 5% of hydroquinone and 0.05 % of laevo-ascorbic acid remains white, and the emulsion remains unbroken after many months of storage, The laevo-ascorbic or cevitamic acid is pr'eferably employed in the free condition; but if desired, the salts, and especially the water-soluble salts thereof, may be employed . . AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR, Kind code of ref document: 552591, Z. Esina, M. Korchuganova, Theor. 338, 217223 (2013), S. H. Ali, F. S. Al-Mutairi, M. A. Fahim, Fluid Phase Equilib. Mobility in soil No additional information available 12.5. Hydroquinone - Sciencemadness Wiki Additionally, a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably a sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, may be helpful in stabilizing the hydroquinone composition. Antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase and inorganic or amino acyl cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate respectively, are effective in stabilizing such hydroquinone compositions, which are used in treatment of pigmentation disorders. The solubility in water is 6.72g/L. Hi, let us know if you have any questions as you visit our website. PDF Solubilityof Eastman hydroquinone andderivatives Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. Other adverse effects The experimental solubility data was well-correlated with the data, calculated by . Hydroquinone occurs in the environment as a result of anthropogenic processes, as well as in natural products from plants and animals. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. Eng. As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization. C6H4O2) is formed. Monobenzone is the monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone used medically for depigmentation. Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents. However, these hydroquinone-containing compositions were in the acidic pH range and did not contain cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Other properties of hydroquinone are given in Table 1. [19][20], In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations. Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound which is currently used in two main sectors: . The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber. 0.6. glycerin, 2.5. We have discovered that a hydroquinone composition (with about 1 to about 12% hydroquinone, preferably with about 2% to about 10%, more preferably with about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, most preferably with about 3% to about 4% hydroquinone) with preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, can include cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium ascorbyl phosphate, more preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate as an antioxidant and the color destabilization problems are appreciably less as compared to hydroquinone compositions without such a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters in the neutral pH range: preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. Crit. 0000008435 00000 n The natural pH for conventional hydroquinone compositions is acidic, generally less than about 4 even though this is harsh to the skin and to other components of the product. 2005 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. vitamin C; Salts thereof, Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00-A61K41/00, Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. Some hydroquinone compositions include antioxidants, such as ascorbyl palmitate. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. [24], Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically. Hydroquinone (C6H4(OH)2), also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound, with a variety of uses in chemistry. Hydroquinone: Environmental Pollution, Toxicity, and Microbial Answers 420, 2429 (2016), W. E. Acree Jr, Thermochim Acta 189, 3756 (1991), F. L. Nordstrm, . C. Rasmuson, J. Chem. Eastman has active ingredients, thickeners, plasticizers, film formers, and more for your personal care formulations. Part of Springer Nature. You can expect to hear from a technical specialist within 1 business hour. They may also include ingredients with other therapeutic actions, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, exfoliants and peels. Conversion factors (at 25 oc and normal atmospheric pressure) 1 ppm = 4.5 mg!m 3 Belhachemi, B., Makhlouf, H. & Belhachemi, M.H. Phillip M. Hudnall "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Retinoids are included from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.025% to about 2%, more preferably 0.05% to about 1.0%, and most preferably from about 0.025% to about 0.5%. :hS-g"s2Sj Ij=x'V]gPV8tt~qkAVXi|u}5;#.pl-/4JFQ.EP3&F.qa2hI{N qBmG(z#n [GN.}aazN(~8kux9#tnYwIHFuxW v9UNj&ffNW_\\Tc""8=_"7wC>svwQy\^4gF H][QzmlOI(B@ U4[Xb0,|m0*D"/#$\u(QI)RYg\;8 Yjh Also in this embodiment is a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, which further helps to maintain the acceptable color desired in the hydroquinone composition. 388, 7381 (2010), H. Li, G. Hu, F. Guo, L. Zhao, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Can. Hydroquinone USP, Eastman - ChemPoint The aquatic toxicity of hydroquinone to fresh water fish, Daphnia, and algae was between 0.050- . The protective system can be an entrapment system, a single or multi- laminar system, such as by the formation of vesicles such as a liposome or by utilizing wax, paraffin, silicone, polyethylene, or any material or system which protects the retinoid from oxidation. Glycerol derivatives solubilise natural, hydrophilic antioxidants in biofuels. Dietland Muller-Schwarze, 2003, page 43 (, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Additive manufacturing of ceramics from preceramic polymers, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31976L0768:EN:HTML, "Clear N Smooth Skin Toning Cream recalled", Skin Bleaching Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Product Use; Proposed Rule, "About the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research - Hydroquinone Studies Under The National Toxicology Program (NTP)", Campaign For Safe Cosmetics - Hydroquinone, "Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=1136453324, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2016, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The most widely used route is similar to the, A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from, Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists, Pelletier and Caventou (1820) "Recherches chimiques sur les quinquinas" (Chemical investigations of quinquinas [i.e., the bark of various, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 11:09. Therefore, the solubility values of hydroquinone in different solvents are required; however, the data availability in the literature is poor.3-7 In this work, the solubility data of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under atmospheric pressure were . Then take the water and put the measurement into the microwave until boiled. 2017-02-16T09:38:58+01:00 Sodium metabisulfite has the added advantage that it does not discolor by oxidation. isosorbide, Ascorbic acid, i.e. Other properties of hydroquinone are given in Table 1. Hydroquinone, 99.5%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals 5g, Glass Bottle Quantity: 5g 50g 250g 1kg 5kg Packaging: Glass Bottle Plastic Drum Plastic bottle Description This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. New experimental data are provided for the solubility of resorcinol in water and salicylic acid, resorcinol, hydroquinone in 1-octanol. Chem. Additionally, the hydroquinone compositions frequently discolor over time and turn from a whitish color to a brown or even black. The experimental solubilities were correlated using two regression equations. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. Consistent with a condensation reaction, water was determined to be the primary byproduct. For more information, please see our However, the oil-soluble TBHQ is more hydrophobic with a distinctly increased log P value compared to HQ. EP, Kind code of ref document: endstream endobj 277 0 obj <>stream These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen. [Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O, trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane, C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1, C\C(=C/C=O)\C=C\C=C(\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)/C, 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC, 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol, C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1, O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C, [Na+].[Na+].[Na+]. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Availability. A common route involves hydroxylation of phenol. n3kGz=[==B0FX'+tG,}/Hh8mW2p[AiAN#8$X?AKHI{!7. Hydroquinone - Wikipedia uuid:3780f5dc-b322-4e29-9b1d-4c4d10b1e282 Chemically, hydroquinone is designated as p-dihydroxybenzene; the empirical formula is C 6 H 6 O 2; molecular weight is 110.0. 109. All information collection is solely used to support ChemPoint customers service communications. 108. If youre making your lotion. Such carriers are widely known in the art and deliver the composition's ingredients to the skin without excessive degradation, inactivation or other unwanted interaction. Hydroquinone (HSG 101, 1996) - International Programme on Chemical Safety It would be desirable to combine the pigmentation disorder treatment with this skin benefit ingredient in one composition. Azelaic acid (AzA) is a organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH 2) 7 COOH. 65, 5786 (1998), Y.-H. Zhang, Trends Analyt. It is not to be considered as either a warranty or quality specification. Forms of retinoids have been developed wherein the retinoid is protected by a protective system. 322, 4855 (2012), K. Tamura, T. Kasuga, T. Nakagawa, Fluid Phase Equilib. For use herein, the encapsulation forms a protective system to prohibit or inhibit the oxidation of the retinoid. 38, 565571 (2006), K. Carlsson, B. Karlberg, Anal. It can also be found on eBay and Amazon. [22] The FDA stated that hydroquinone cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen. J. It is also used to prepare 2% bleaching creams and certain intermediates for the synthesis of dyes, and it has some activity as an antitumoragent. ~lgM~Gc{1S_1Q/_/v">S 9 Table I shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white color with the addition of at least about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and at least 0.05% sodium metabisulfite for pH about 6.0 to about 7.0. HYPERPIGMENTARY STAIN ELIMINATING CREAM FOR FACE SKIN AND ITS USE. Hydroquinone - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics GHS P Statement: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Get medical attention. Hope it helps 6 yrs later. I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. M1 and M2 microemulsions contain ethanol as co-surfactant. 330, 4851 (2012), A. Shalmashi, A. Eliassi, J. Chem. and solubility in water. Place an order online, track your orders, download SDS and TDS, and see your quotes, all in one secure place. 43, 13111316 (2007), J. Qing-Zhu, M. Pei-Sheng, Z. Huan, X. Shu-Qian, W. Qiang, Q. Yan, Fluid Phase Equilib. Calorim. Airborne hydroquinone may be oxidized to quinone at ordinary . Hydroquinone Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. Heat Mass Transf. [32], Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms. Phase A is added to the tank, which is held at a temperature of from about 70 to about 75 C, and in which a CO. Appearance: Free-flowing white crystalsOdor: OdorlessMolecular weight: 110.11Empirical formula: C6H6O2Assay (Anhydrous basis): 99.0-100.5 %Melting point: 172-174CWater: 0.5 wt % max.Residue on ignition: 0.5 % maxSolubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol, Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMOExtremely low vapor pressureUSP GradeEuropean Pharma GradeDrug master file available upon request. These phases (described below) are combined in a mixing tank with an in-line homogenizer as follows. Human exposure to hydroquinone can occur by dietary, occupational, and environmental sources. I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, C. M. S. de Mendona, I. P. de Barros Lima, C. F. S. Arago, A. P. B. Gomes, J. Therm. Hydroquinone compositions are effective but have some undesirable side effects. 115, 22772285 (2014), Article Using a laser-monitoring observation technique, the solubility of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid were measured at temperatures ranging from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under the atmospheric pressure. Hydroquinone is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin. English, J.C. and Deisinger, P.J. Cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, including inorganic salts, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and amino acyl derivatives, preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, are preferred in this invention. Privacy Policy. 20, 14331442 (1986), G. Wienke, J. Gmehling, Toxicol. %PDF-1.4 % 0000005757 00000 n Hydroquinone is a white, odorless, crystalline solid with an extremely low vapor pressure. The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. Cat No. : H329-500 There are various other uses associated with its reducing power. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids, Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. Thermodyn. 0000002221 00000 n Table II shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white or light straw color with the addition of at least about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and when about 1.0 to about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is used in the pH range of about 7.0. Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. 58 / Monday, March 26, 2012 / Rules and Regulations 10/31/2017 EN (English US) 6/8 12.3. The Molecular Weight is 110.11 g/mol. Gravimetric method is used to measured hydroquinone solubility in water, ethanol and in water+ethanol binary mixtures at temperatures (293.15, 295.15, 298.15, 300.15, 303.15, 305.15, 308.15, 310.15 and 313.15)K. Mole fractions solubility of hydroquinone are correlated with temperature by using the Apelblat equation. Water Solubility 73000 mg/L at 25C 2.6B pH pKa 4.0 - 4.7 pK1 = 9.9 2.12 Oxidation:Reduction Potential +286 mV at 25C and pH 7 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/BIODEGRADATION A3, Free format text: Eng. antiphlogistics and cardiaca, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients, Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen, . Have an order or account question, find answers in our Online Support articles. HMkA+"c>jZ^ho=81NW;]Ib;+i#iFArHpz). `9F6~qg3]0,#!V9Q> p=|h| How to make CE Ferulic with HA and NO propylene glycol? In hydroquinone and sodium metabisulfite compositions, it is believed that the sodium metabisulfite oxidizes first and delays the start of any oxidation of the hydroquinone, so that excessive discoloration is delayed or totally avoided. Hydroquinone is soluble in alcohol solvents such as ethanol and methanol [17]. F. Whler (1844) "Untersuchungen ber das Chinon" (Investigations of quinone). ADS 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 INCI HydroquinoneEastman Hydroquinone, USP is a skin care ingredient used to produce effective skin- lightening applications for depigmentation. P, Kind code of ref document: SAS Anti-ox booster 1% 0.3g. Then add it to the ingredients. 0000004197 00000 n Hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. Retinoids are included in the invention from about 0.01 to about 5%, preferably from about 0.025% to about 2.0%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%, and most preferably from about 0.025% to about 0.5%. 0000000731 00000 n Toxicol. Cookie Notice Phase A: Dissolve L-Ascorbic Acid in distilled water via agitation and gentle heating (warm, never hot or you will denature the ascorbic acid). 0000002379 00000 n x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions are more likely to excessively discolor and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate helps to stabilize the color, by preventing the brownish black discoloration and maintaining an amber color. Recent pieces of . Please sign in to view account pricing and product availability. The solubility of sodium phenytoin in binary mixtures of ethanol +water at 298.2, 303.2, 308.2 and 313.2 K was measured. According to the polar paradox theory, this should lead to a dissolution of . COMMON BRAND NAME (S): Aclaro, Aclaro PD, Alera, Alphaquin HP, Alustra, Claripel, Complex B . 76/768/EEC:1976 Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products: Organic Chemistry, Solomon and Fryhle, 10th edition, Wiley Publishing, 2010.