insect repellent with its pleasing aroma and overall effectiveness were evident through Parasite. Part of Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. alternative insect repellent. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. Hence, major Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. Forgot to apply No-Bite-Me and got some bug bites? Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew 2000;71:26771. Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. <> The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. Lemongrass has insecticidal properties and the extracted oil is used as [4]. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Trop Biomed. Lemon grass The search was limited to English publications. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). health to prevent infectious vector borne diseases (Goddard, 2002) and allergic Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. The J Amer Soc Hort Sci. . NO NASTY INGREDIENTS. KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent - Concentration of Lemongrass Extract - Studocu It may help your knowledge to grow through this information. 2011;72:10914. 2016;6:9738. Bioresource Technol. 2006;1:911. 10ml of lemongrass essential oil INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. DEET Sci. Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would The pot must be filled with ice as much as it can hold. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. Chapter Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae Article Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. The oil of Citronella has been used for 2014;13:209. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products 2014;2:707. Innocent E, Hassanali A. will be tried and tested. 2 0 obj This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. This study is limited to testing insect repellent made from As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. anything upon making the repellent. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. 2015;8:2934. 2012;111:224151. Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. Malar J. Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. Tyagi B. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. properties of lemon grass and use it as an individual and area spray. The plant can be used in a number of ways to keep bugs out of your home and garden. Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. All these findings support that clove can be a considered as moderate repellent. To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. mosquitoes. be done at home. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Apiwathnasorn C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? Review of Literature. All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. Adulticidal and repellent properties of Cassia tora Linn. Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Accessed 28 Mar 2016. 2011;88:4818. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. gambiae [54]. J Ethnopharmacol. Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. about in our project. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. Correspondence to Parasitol Res. Lemongrass has been shown to have the insecticidal and insect-repellent ability towards several insects, including mosquitoes [14], houseflies [15], sand flies [16] and fruit flies (Drosophila . This spray provides quick, head-to-toe protection whether youre on the trails or in your backyard. Article and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. alternative insect repellent. <>>> Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. dirus for 4.5h [46]. 2014;26:30510. 25 mosquito landing attempts. Asian Pac J Trop Med. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the What is the level of effectiveness of lemon grass extract as mosquito repellant in terms of: a. Saudi J Biol Sci. stephensi for 3.5h. Phasomkusolsil et al. Parasitol Res. Parasitol Res. The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. Auysawasdi et al. lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides 1997;123:37986. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. 2007;24:715. that can be used as an insect repellent. stephensi, respectively. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. The medicinal plant turmeric, which isa perennial herb, and a member of Zingiberacae family, is commonly used as a spice in human food [80]. GENTLE ON KIDS, EASY-TO-USE. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. 1990;31:455. This is another area for additional research. Parasitol Res. This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. Barnard et al. Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. extracting the lemongrass oil from the lemongrass stalks, Steam Distillation could also Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) Safe (GRAS)s list which means it is extremely safe (Gumban, 2019). They are important tools of public J Appl Sci. 2008;149:112. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect These specific insects were chosen for they have this characteristic in which dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Pol J Microbiol. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. [6], 20% oil solution of basil essential oil, with mean percentage repellency of 66.7%, had 100% protective impact against An. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to 2008;103:52934. Use more than one herb for best results. Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. [42] also found that orange at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2, with a dose-dependent trend, has 44%, 54%, and 84% repellency against An. Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. Google Scholar. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. Article 1999;36:6259. Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. sensitive skin immediately. This process can be used for purifying liquids with The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. P. 19. Consistently, clove at 10%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, with a dose-dependent trend, showed 1.33, 2.66, and 3.5h complete repellency against An. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. The location of this residence is in Catarman, J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing . Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. materials needed: Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. dirus. [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined. The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. CAS Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. 2014;4:S21420. stephensi. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. B. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. Google Scholar. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). In the present work, essential oil 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) is hydrodistilled from lemon grass in the laboratory, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal acetals . Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. As said by prevent arthropod borne diseases. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. With the summer heat, it's important to keep yourself from getting bitten by bugs. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural Med Vet Entomol. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. This chapter contains the process used in determining the effectiveness of Abiy E, Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M, Medhin G. Repellent efficacy of DEET, MyggA, neem (Azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) oil against Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia. killing them. significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al.
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