[63] It is suggested, though unconfirmed, that he is connected to the Mycenaean figure pa-ja-wo-ne (Linear B: ). [262] His other daughters include Eurynome, Chariclo wife of Chiron, Eurydice the wife of Orpheus, Eriopis, famous for her beautiful hair, Melite the heroine, Pamphile the silk weaver, Parthenos, and by some accounts, Phoebe, Hilyra and Scylla. To avoid her death, Apollo turned her into a nymph, saving her life. His symbols include the sun, the bow and arrow, and the lyre. To thank him, the shepherd built Apollo a temple under the name Vulturius. R. S. P. Beekes rejected the connection of the theonym with the noun apellai and suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form *Apalyun. Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: , Apolln (GEN ); Doric: , Apelln; Arcadocypriot: , Apeiln; Aeolic: , Aploun; Latin: Apoll), The name Apollounlike the related older name Paeanis generally not found in the Linear B (Mycenean Greek) texts, although there is a possible attestation in the lacunose form ]pe-rjo-[ (Linear B: ].mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}-[) on the KN E 842 tablet,[5][6][7] though it has also been suggested that the name might actually read "Hyperion" ([u]-pe-rjo-[ne]). Apollo's sacred animals included the DOLPHIN, the WOLF, and the SWAN. [173] Apollo guarded the cattle of Laomedon in the valleys of mount Ida, while Poseidon built the walls of Troy. His body is fair from head to foot, his limbs shine bright, his tongue gives oracles, and he is equally eloquent in prose or verse, propose which you will. Hesychius connects the name Apollo with the Doric (apella), which means "assembly", so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation (sekos), "fold", in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds. Apollo has featured in dance and music in modern culture. Gill, N.S. When Apollo spotted a ship of Cretan sailors that was caught in a storm, he quickly assumed the shape of a dolphin and guided their ship safely to Delphi. The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE. However, while Apollo has a great number of appellations in Greek myth, only a few occur in Latin literature. Asclepius is the most famous son of Apollo. Growing up, Apollo was nursed by the nymphs Korythalia and Aletheia, the personification of truth. Apollo then played his lyre and sang at the same time, mesmerising the audience. This is what we call navel today. During a duel with Achilles, when Hector was about to lose, Apollo hid Hector in a cloud of mist to save him. Pindar's Paeans: A Reading of the Fragments with a Survey of the Genre, The Uses of Greek Mythology By Ken Dowden, Benjamin Acosta-Hughes, Luigi Lehnus, Susan Stephens -, Apollonius Rhodius. However, the king not only refused to give the gods the wages he had promised, but also threatened to bind their feet and hands, and sell them as slaves. It was found in Piraeus, a port city close to Athens, and is believed to have come from north-eastern Peloponnesus. It was so beautiful that Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and everyone was pleased with the judgement. [342] Apollo's decisions were usually approved by his sister Athena, and they both worked to establish the law and order set forth by Zeus.[343]. [197] Hermes then began to play music on the lyre he had invented. [336]Apollo Daphnephoros had a temple in Eretria, a "place where the citizens are to take the oaths". Protection of herds, flocks and crops from diseases, pests and predators were his primary duties. c. Excessive mutilation of animal corpses. [62], Apollo in his aspect of "healer" has a connection to the primitive god Paean (-), who did not have a cult of his own. Apollo gave him a tame deer as a companion but Cyparissus accidentally killed it with a javelin as it lay asleep in the undergrowth. The ancient Greeks believed that Mercury as observed during the morning was a different planet than the one during the evening, because each twilight Mercury would appear farther from the Sun as it set than it had the night before. The festival Hyacinthia was a national celebration of Sparta, which commemorated the death and rebirth of Hyacinthus. Apollo often appears in modern and popular culture due to his status as the god of music, dance and poetry. Apollo (Apollon, Apellon, Phoebus Apollo, Aplu) was a god of light and the sun, truth and prophecy, healing, plague, music, and poetry. [337] In later times when Apollo was regarded as identical with the sun or Helios, Artemis was naturally regarded as Selene or the moon. We recently discussed the importantance of omega-3 fatty acids for maintaining good health. The crew was awed into submission and followed a course that led the ship to Delphi. He would also make cheese and serve it to Admetus. For the Greeks, Apollo was the most Greek of all the gods, and through the centuries he acquired different functions. The Greeks used standard types because they believed that the world of objects was a series of typical forms which could be represented in several instances. He is described as "the rouser of armies" because he rallied the Trojan army when they were falling apart. [339], As patrons of arts, Apollo and Athena were companions of the Muses, the former a much more frequent companion than the latter. Soon, Zeus threw his thunderbolt between the fighting brothers and separated them. ThoughtCo. He presided over their passage into adulthood. Apollo is the Greek God of the sun, light, music, truth, healing, poetry, and prophesy, and one of the most well-known gods in Greek mythology. As the god of mousike,[b] Apollo presides over all music, songs, dance and poetry. It was in this way that Apollo had become recognized as the god of music. "Die Geschicte der Giechischen Religion, Vol I." However, Apollo declined to fight him, saying that he wouldn't fight his uncle for the sake of mortals. Apollo requited his affections and wanting to reward him, bestowed prophetic skills on him. His attributes are his manly beauty and physique of near perfect form. [138], When Apollo was born, clutching a golden sword,[139] everything on Delos turned into gold[137] and the island was filled with ambrosial fragrance. The Vatican Mythographers. Also of major importance was the Delia held every four years on Delos. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo. Online translated text available at theoi.com, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database: ca 1650 images of Apollo, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apollo&oldid=1142341383. Agamemnon cursed Cinyras. Zeus, having seen the events, sided with Apollo, and ordered Hermes to return the cattle. The temples should be canonic, and the architects were trying to achieve this esthetic perfection. When Periphas' wife requested Zeus to let her stay with her husband, Zeus turned her into a vulture and fulfilled her wish.[180]. Because Admetus had treated Apollo well, the god conferred great benefits on him in return. Seven Deadly Sins Symbols: The List With Colors And Animals Corresponding To 7 Cardinal Sins, Blue and Black Monarch Butterfly Spiritual Meaning and Symbolism, Greek God Zeus Symbols, Sacred Animals And Plants, 19 Flowers of Love Unique Choices for the One You Love, Greek God Symbols, Sacred Animals And Plants, Ancient Egyptian Symbols And Their Meanings. Apollo saved a shepherd boy (name unknown) from death in a large deep cave, by the means of vultures. They were all usually very beautiful. One of Apollo's most important daily tasks was . The Twelve Olympian Gods and Goddesses of Greek Mythology, Fast Facts on Helios - Greek God of the Sun, Hermes - A Thief, Inventor, and Messenger God, Classic Greek Mythology: Stories from Ovid's Metamorphoses, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota. They also believed that music was delegated to the same mathematical laws of harmony as the mechanics of the cosmos, evolving into an idea known as the music of the spheres.[192]. Oracular sanctuaries to Apollo were established in other sites. The Late Bronze Age (from 1700 to 1200 BCE) Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years. 75.) The Delphian nymphs who were present encouraged Apollo during the battle with the cry "Hie Paean". The seventh and twentieth, the days of the new and full moon, were ever afterwards held sacred to him. Accordingly, Apollo killed Niobe's sons, and Artemis her daughters. 75. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that a fusion of the two was most desirable. According to some traditions, he was a seven months child (heptamnaios). Out of Hyacinthus' blood, Apollo created a flower named after him as a memorial to his death, and his tears stained the flower petals with the interjection , meaning alas. "The Grave and Beyond. Homer illustrated Paeon the god and the song both of apotropaic thanksgiving or triumph. Apollo the Greek God of Sun by Nnnmmm Artemis Symbols But in the next round, Apollo decided to play on his lyre and add his melodious voice to his performance. Apollo Kourotrophos is the god who nurtures and protects children and the young, especially boys. [233] The myth explains the origin of the laurel and connection of Apollo with the laurel and its leaves, which his priestess employed at Delphi. He was the giver of laws, and his oracles were consulted before setting laws in a city. Online version at Harvard University Press, Online version available at The Perseus Digital Library. [242] The pair was practicing throwing the discus when a discus thrown by Apollo was blown off course by the jealous Zephyrus and struck Hyacinthus in the head, killing him instantly. The bay laurel plant was used in expiatory sacrifices and in making the crown of victory at these games. Marsyas taunted Apollo for "wearing his hair long, for having a fair face and smooth body, for his skill in so many arts". Loki's son Fenrir is a giant legendary wolf from Norse mythology. He was bound to a rock, where each day an eagle was sent to eat Prometheus' liver, which would then grow back overnight to be eaten again the next day. Alternatively, you can browse all our pieces on Greek god symbols here, or Greek symbols/letters here. Other attributes of his included the kithara (an advanced version of the common lyre), the plectrum and the sword. As Zeus' favorite son, Apollo had direct access to the mind of Zeus and was willing to reveal this knowledge to humans. [186][187] Apollo's harmonious music delivered people from their pain, and hence, like Dionysus, he is also called the liberator. He smoothened the wrinkles and shaped the chest. The order was almost abandoned for the Ionic order, but the Ionic capital also posed an insoluble problem at the corner of a temple. Alternatively, Hera kidnapped Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, to prevent Leto from going into labor. [citation needed] Phemonoe was a seer and a poetess who was the inventor of Hexameter. [226], Prometheus was the titan who was punished by Zeus for stealing fire. Dionysus caused ivy to grow all over the ship and he turned all the pirates (with the exception of the helmsman) into Dolphins. The contestants agreed to take turns displaying their skills and the rule was that the victor could "do whatever he wanted" to the loser. Evadne was a nymph daughter of Poseidon and a lover of Apollo. Artemis - Goddess of the hunt, archery, and animals. [83], The Greeks gave to him the name agyieus as the protector god of public places and houses who wards off evil and his symbol was a tapered stone or column. He is a frequent guest of the Bacchanalia, and many ancient ceramics depict him being at ease amidst the maenads and satyrs. Other symbols of him include pythons, bows and arrows while he has several sacred animals and plants. "Sminthia" in several areas of Greece. Apollo's most common attributes were the bow and arrow. Periphas was an Attican king and a priest of Apollo. Apollo functions as the patron and protector of sailors, one of the duties he shares with Poseidon. [361] Claudius Aelianus wrote that Egyptians called Apollo Horus in their own language.[359]. Apollo. They both are cousins, since their mothers - Leto and Asteria - are sisters. He also had a son named Chrysorrhoas who was a mechanic artist. Marsyas was a satyr who was punished by Apollo for his hubris. Symbols of the Greek God Apollo. [362] In 1895, V. I. Leonardos proposed the term kouros ("male youth") to refer to those from Keratea; this usage was later expanded by Henri Lechat in 1904 to cover all statues of this format. Purified, Apollo was escorted by his half sister Athena to Delphi where the oracular shrine was finally handed over to him by Gaia. The cult of Apollo Carnea, god of flocks and herds, probably explains why Apollo was so . [15] Plato in Cratylus connects the name with (apolysis), "redemption", with (apolousis), "purification", and with ([h]aploun), "simple",[16] in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, , and finally with (aeiballon), "ever-shooting". Some commonly-used examples are "paion" ( literally "healer" or "helper")[60] "epikourios" (, "succouring"), "oulios" (, "healer, baleful")[61] and "loimios" (, "of the plague"). Apollo also demanded that all other methods of divination be made inferior to his, a wish that Zeus granted him readily. When Hermes acted innocent, Apollo took the matter to Zeus. The Dolphin is an animal which is sacred to Dionysus and Apollo. Animals - Domestic animals specifically cows. Apollo became extremely important to the Greek world as an oracular deity in the archaic period, and the frequency of theophoric names such as Apollodorus or Apollonios and cities named Apollonia testify to his popularity. A western Anatolian origin may also be bolstered by references to the parallel worship of Artimus (Artemis) and Qdns, whose name may be cognate with the Hittite and Doric forms, in surviving Lydian texts. [168] After the battle Zeus finally relented his aid and hurled Tityos down to Tartarus. He also helped many Trojan heroes, the most important one being Hector. Such statues were found across the Greek speaking world, the preponderance of these were found at the sanctuaries of Apollo with more than one hundred from the sanctuary of Apollo Ptoios, Boeotia alone. Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, rejected both Apollo's and Poseidon's marriage proposals and swore that she would always stay unmarried. [138] In most of the traditions, Apollo was still a child when he killed Python. This is the Greek ideal of moderation and a virtue that opposes gluttony. [148] The swans, which were considered to be the most musical among the birds, were believed to be the "singers of Apollo". Since Apollo was the god of healing, he performed purification ceremonies for mortals who had committed immoral acts. Apollo in anger turned her into a man. In the traditionally Celtic lands, he was most often seen as a healing and sun god. his son Telamon joined Heracles when he sieged the city during Laomedon's rule. Long hair, which was the prerogative of boys, was cut at the coming of age (ephebeia) and dedicated to Apollo. Asclepius in his childhood gained much knowledge pertaining to medicinal arts by his father. He had a special herd that was mentioned as at one time being stolen by Hermes when he was born. [356][357][358] In addition, Claudius Aelianus wrote that in Ancient Egypt people believed that hawks were sacred to the god[359] and that according to the ministers of Apollo in Egypt there were certain men called "hawk-keepers" () who fed and tended the hawks belonging to the god. Branchus, a shepherd, one day came across Apollo in the woods. When Apollo chased her in order to persuade her, she changed herself into a laurel tree. Apollo was declared the winner and, angered with Marsyas' haughtiness and his accusations, decided to flay the satyr. Vesp. While he was taking it back, he was confronted by Apollo and Artemis, who were angered at Heracles for this act. Patron god of the theatre and art. He outran Hermes in the race and won first place.[224]. He did all his duties justly. He cut them all in two and asked Apollo to make necessary repairs, giving humans the individual shape they still have now. 3, Philostratus the Younger, Imagines 2 (trans. On the other hand, Apollo also encouraged founding new towns and establishment of civil constitution. Apollo 's sacred animals were the Wolf, the Dolphin, the Python and the Swan. Apollo turned their heads and necks around towards their wounds, he pulled together their skin at the abdomen, and sewed the skin together at the middle of it. Basically, Apollo and his twin sister Artemis were raised by a she-wolf and around wolves. He immediately set out in pursuit of the serpent that Hera had sent to torment his mother, Leto. [68] Such songs were originally addressed to Apollo and afterwards to other gods: to Dionysus, to Apollo Helios, to Apollo's son Asclepius the healer. Though he greatly favored the Trojans, Apollo was bound to follow the orders of Zeus and served his father loyally during the war. The lord made his swift way to Olympus and wound his baby hands around Zeus, asking him to take the wrath of the earth goddess from the Pythian home. Vol I. pp. He was the god of healing, medicine, archery, music, poetry and the sun. Jeremy Villasis, Philippines / Getty Images. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. "You Apollo Smintheus, let my tears become your arrows against the Danaans, for revenge". Delphi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts. Apollo 's sacred plants were the Laurel, the Larkspur and the Cypress. During the war between the sons of Oedipus, Apollo favored Amphiaraus, a seer and one of the leaders in the war. Hare was a sacred animal to both Aphrodite and Eros because it has high amount of libido. [17] Mythographers agree that Artemis was born first and subsequently assisted with the birth of Apollo or was born on the island of Ortygia then helped Leto cross the sea to Delos the next day to give birth to Apollo. Apollo liked cowsbut he liked music more. [344], Homer and Porphyry wrote that Apollo had a hawk as his messenger. This annoyed Zeus, who decided to annihilate the entire family of Periphas. This act is when he started being worshipped as . During his stay in Troy, Apollo had a lover named Ourea, who was a nymph and daughter of Poseidon. Apollo's silver bow and arrow represent his defeat of the monster Python (or Phython). About the 4th century BCE, the paean became merely a formula of adulation; its object was either to implore protection against disease and misfortune or to offer thanks after such protection had been rendered.
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